(Originally Written on December 25, 2007 in the Journal)
Aesthetics - What is Beauty? What is Art?
Part I: What is Beauty?
Questions for consideration:
1) Is beauty subjective, objective, or a combination thereof?
2) What is taste?
Part II: Explore different mediums, define art (as a language?)
Research Topics
Immanuel Kant
David Hume
Ludwig Wittgenstein
John Dewey
Leo Tolstoy
Plato
Nelson Goodman
Arthur C. Danto
Martin Heidegger
Jerrold Levinson
Terry Eagleton
Michel Foucault
Friedrich Nietzsche
Aristotle
Edmund Burke
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Topics: mediums, perception of art, why create?
"Of the Standard of Taste"
By: David Hume
It is useful for us to seek a "standard of taste".
A standard of taste is "a rule by which the various sentiments of men may be reconciled".
Showing posts with label Eagleton. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Eagleton. Show all posts
Tuesday, December 25, 2007
Thursday, March 29, 2007
Aesthetic notes for test 2
(Originally written March 29, 2007 in Book 16)
"Phonography"
Lee B. Brown
Different technologies produce different sounds.
The phonophile will idealize canned music. He will prefer the recordings to live music.
The viaphile or phonophobe will idealize the live music experience.
Sonic Manipulation of Art
Can some manipulation be art? That is, can the art be the recording rather than the music itself.
Improvisational music is not reidentifiable.
Without recording improv music can be repeated only by imitation.
Test 2: Study Guide
Sibley
- Aesthetic features do not logically depend upon on-aesthetic features
- the impossibility of universal rules
- rule applying is non-aesthetic
- aesthetic terms: unified, balance, vivid, moving and tragic
- non-aesthetic terms
Walton
- historical considerations are crucial for categorizing and evaluation, artwork
- variable properties - non essential features to the piece's genre
- standard properties - essential failures of the piece's genre
- contra-standard properties - features that almost eliminate the piece from genre
- non-aesthetic considerations:
--number of standard features
--maximum aesthetic appeal
--artist intention
--well-established category
Collingwood
-Art is fundamentally an expression of one's emotion
-Art is spontaneous, it is the imagination coming to life
Bell
-Significant form: the lines and colors that which form the emotions in the viewer
Hagberg:
- 'Paradoxical Expression' - art is public. Emotion is private. Art is expression of emotion.
- Hagberg solves the paradox by denying that emotions are private via Wittgensteinian philosophical behaviorism. Emotions are disposition to "X".
Weitz
- Art is undefinable
- Art as a category bears the Wittgensteinian family resemblance model
- Defining criteria are necessary and sufficient conditions. Recognizing criteria are the "boundary conditions" for what is being recognized
Dickie
- Art as a social institution
- Art world - these who view and create art, publishers, artistic, critics, etc.
- Circularity problem: Art is that which deemed by the art world. To create art one must make an artifact and present it to the art world
- Solitary art problem: no first piece of art
Dante
- Art world is logically dependent on theory
- Art "is" vs. identity and prediction
Goodman
-Autographic - works that cannot be reproduced without it being forgery
-Allographic - repeated or copied work, the one as authentic as the original
Dutton
- Forgery is misrepresenting achievement
Two kinds of "philistinism"
1) All that matters is consideration of origin
2) All that matters is form
Eaton
-Aestheticism - art is immune to ethical judgments
-Moralism - art is good or bad based on the effect it has upon the viewer's/hearer's moral nature
-Ethicism - uses morality as a value criteria, but not as the sole criteria
Eagleton
Literature:
1) Is essentially imaginative
problem - some literature is historical. Some imaginative stuff is not literature.
2) Russian Formalism - literature is that which transforms and intensifies language
problem - presupposes knowledge of literary and ordinary language
3) non-useful writing
4) valued writings
1) Authorial intention - meaning is in the author's mind
problem - Author died, unknown
2) Structuralism - meaning in the text
problem: author intent is meaningless
3) Post-Structuralism - meaning in reader's understanding
problem: authorial intention and structuralism is meaningless, relative
Foucault
Author - concept of author emerged as way of wielding power
Author function - guides an institution of discourse determines the status of particular discourse within a society
Shusterman
Hermeneutic universalism - all experience is interpreted
Foundationalism - indubitable axioms deduction from aims we know we know when we know.
"Phonography"
Lee B. Brown
Different technologies produce different sounds.
The phonophile will idealize canned music. He will prefer the recordings to live music.
The viaphile or phonophobe will idealize the live music experience.
Sonic Manipulation of Art
Can some manipulation be art? That is, can the art be the recording rather than the music itself.
Improvisational music is not reidentifiable.
Without recording improv music can be repeated only by imitation.
Test 2: Study Guide
Sibley
- Aesthetic features do not logically depend upon on-aesthetic features
- the impossibility of universal rules
- rule applying is non-aesthetic
- aesthetic terms: unified, balance, vivid, moving and tragic
- non-aesthetic terms
Walton
- historical considerations are crucial for categorizing and evaluation, artwork
- variable properties - non essential features to the piece's genre
- standard properties - essential failures of the piece's genre
- contra-standard properties - features that almost eliminate the piece from genre
- non-aesthetic considerations:
--number of standard features
--maximum aesthetic appeal
--artist intention
--well-established category
Collingwood
-Art is fundamentally an expression of one's emotion
-Art is spontaneous, it is the imagination coming to life
Bell
-Significant form: the lines and colors that which form the emotions in the viewer
Hagberg:
- 'Paradoxical Expression' - art is public. Emotion is private. Art is expression of emotion.
- Hagberg solves the paradox by denying that emotions are private via Wittgensteinian philosophical behaviorism. Emotions are disposition to "X".
Weitz
- Art is undefinable
- Art as a category bears the Wittgensteinian family resemblance model
- Defining criteria are necessary and sufficient conditions. Recognizing criteria are the "boundary conditions" for what is being recognized
Dickie
- Art as a social institution
- Art world - these who view and create art, publishers, artistic, critics, etc.
- Circularity problem: Art is that which deemed by the art world. To create art one must make an artifact and present it to the art world
- Solitary art problem: no first piece of art
Dante
- Art world is logically dependent on theory
- Art "is" vs. identity and prediction
Goodman
-Autographic - works that cannot be reproduced without it being forgery
-Allographic - repeated or copied work, the one as authentic as the original
Dutton
- Forgery is misrepresenting achievement
Two kinds of "philistinism"
1) All that matters is consideration of origin
2) All that matters is form
Eaton
-Aestheticism - art is immune to ethical judgments
-Moralism - art is good or bad based on the effect it has upon the viewer's/hearer's moral nature
-Ethicism - uses morality as a value criteria, but not as the sole criteria
Eagleton
Literature:
1) Is essentially imaginative
problem - some literature is historical. Some imaginative stuff is not literature.
2) Russian Formalism - literature is that which transforms and intensifies language
problem - presupposes knowledge of literary and ordinary language
3) non-useful writing
4) valued writings
1) Authorial intention - meaning is in the author's mind
problem - Author died, unknown
2) Structuralism - meaning in the text
problem: author intent is meaningless
3) Post-Structuralism - meaning in reader's understanding
problem: authorial intention and structuralism is meaningless, relative
Foucault
Author - concept of author emerged as way of wielding power
Author function - guides an institution of discourse determines the status of particular discourse within a society
Shusterman
Hermeneutic universalism - all experience is interpreted
Foundationalism - indubitable axioms deduction from aims we know we know when we know.
Tuesday, March 20, 2007
Class Notes on Eagleton's aesthetic theories
(Originally written March 20, 2007 in Book 16)
Class Notes
Terry Eagleton
What is literature?
1) Literature is essentially imaginative
problem - some literature is historical. Some imaginative works are not literature.
2) Russian Formalism - we should define literature as that which transforms and intensifies language.
problem - we must presuppose what is literary language and ordinary language is
3) Literature is non-useful writing
4) Literature is valued writing
Where is the meaning?
4 Views:
1) Authorial Intention - meaning resides in the author's mind
2) Structuralism (semantic autonomy of language) meaning resides in the text
3) Post-Structuralism (reader response theory, deconstructionalism) - meaning resides in the reader's understanding
4) "Reflective equilibrium" - a combination of all other tree with a heavier emphasis on authorial intention and structuralism.
Problems
With Authorial intention - it implies that once the author is dead we'll never know what the text meant
With Structuralism - the author's intent is rendered completely irrelevant
With Post-Structuralism - it removes all meaning from the author and his/her text
Class Notes
Terry Eagleton
What is literature?
1) Literature is essentially imaginative
problem - some literature is historical. Some imaginative works are not literature.
2) Russian Formalism - we should define literature as that which transforms and intensifies language.
problem - we must presuppose what is literary language and ordinary language is
3) Literature is non-useful writing
4) Literature is valued writing
Where is the meaning?
4 Views:
1) Authorial Intention - meaning resides in the author's mind
2) Structuralism (semantic autonomy of language) meaning resides in the text
3) Post-Structuralism (reader response theory, deconstructionalism) - meaning resides in the reader's understanding
4) "Reflective equilibrium" - a combination of all other tree with a heavier emphasis on authorial intention and structuralism.
Problems
With Authorial intention - it implies that once the author is dead we'll never know what the text meant
With Structuralism - the author's intent is rendered completely irrelevant
With Post-Structuralism - it removes all meaning from the author and his/her text
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