Catholic Philosophy Introduction

(Originally Written July 16, 2006 in Book 5)

The History of Western Philosophy
Bertrand Russell

Book Two "Catholic Philosophy"

Introduction

Catholic Philosophy is the thought that dominated European thought from Augustine to the Renaissance, but there have been philosophers prior to this period and after who have belonged to this school. Origen is an example of this thought prior to Augustine (as well as the early Church Fathers).

The philosophy of the Catholic period is marked by many dualisms (Pope & Emperor, Clergy & Laity, Kingdom of God & Kingdom of man, etc.)

This dualism has its roots in the New Testament (flesh and spirit). But Plato also talked of this dualism.

Catholic philosophy is divided into two parts by the Dark Ages.

Prior to the Dark Ages, the Catholic philosophers were basically dominated by the Roman Emperors. After Gregory the Great, the separation of clergy and laity led Catholic philosophers to break away from the Emperors.

The first period of Catholic Philosophy is dominated by Augustine in Christian circles and Plato in Pagan circles. The second period of Catholic Philosophy is dominated by Thomas Aquinas and Plato was replaced by Aristotle. But, Augustine's dualism in The City of God survives. In both periods philosophy was concerned with defending the catholic faith.

The age of Catholic philosophy ended with the rise of a merchant class in Europe and European monarchies establishing enough power to surpass the Pope's authority.

The period of Catholic philosophy was marked by a miserable outlook on a miserable physical world. The misery caused a search for religion to solve their problems.